React is a JavaScript library for building user interfaces.
React is used to build single page applications.
React allows us to create reusable UI components.
Python is a popular programming language. It was created by Guido van Rossum, and released in 1991.
It is used for:
What is Responsive Web Design?
Responsive web design is about creating web sites which automatically adjust themselves to look good on all devices, from small phones to large desktops.
CodeIgniter is an application development framework, which can be used to develop websites, using PHP. It is an Open Source framework. It has a very rich set of functionality, which will increase the speed of website development work.
If you know PHP well, then CodeIgniter will make your task easier. It has a very rich set of libraries and helpers. By using CodeIgniter, you will save a lot of time, if you are developing a website from scratch. Not only that, a website built in CodeIgniter is secure too, as it has the ability to prevent various attacks that take place through websites.
Some of the important features of CodeIgniter are listed below −
Model-View-Controller Based System
Extremely Light Weight
Full Featured database classes with support for several platforms.
Query Builder Database Support
Form and Data Validation
Security and XSS Filtering
Session Management
Email Sending Class. Supports Attachments, HTML/Text email, multiple protocols (sendmail, SMTP, and Mail) and more.
Image Manipulation Library (cropping, resizing, rotating, etc.). Supports GD, ImageMagick, and NetPBM
File Uploading Class
FTP Class
Localization
Pagination
Data Encryption
Benchmarking
Full Page Caching
Error Logging
Application Profiling
Calendaring Class
User Agent Class
Zip Encoding Class
Template Engine Class
Trackback Class
XML-RPC Library
Unit Testing Class
Search-engine Friendly URLs
Flexible URI Routing
Support for Hooks and Class Extensions
Large library of “helper” functions
Spring Boot is an open-source Java-based framework used to create a micro Service. It is developed by the Pivotal Team and is used to build stand-alone and production-ready spring applications. This chapter will give you an introduction to Spring Boot and familiarizes you with its basic concepts.
Micro Service is an architecture that allows developers to develop and deploy services independently. Each service running has its own process and this achieves the lightweight model to support business applications.
Microservices offers the following advantages to their developers −
Spring Boot provides a good platform for Java developers to develop a stand-alone and production-grade spring application that you can just run. You can get started with minimum configurations without the need for an entire Spring configuration setup.
Spring Boot offers the following advantages to its developers −
Spring Boot is designed with the following goals −
You can choose Spring Boot because of the features and benefits it offers as given here −
It provides a flexible way to configure Java Beans, XML configurations, and Database Transactions.
It provides powerful batch processing and manages REST endpoints.
In Spring Boot, everything is auto-configured; no manual configurations are needed.
It offers an annotation-based spring application
Eases dependency management
It includes Embedded Servlet Container
Oracle database is a relational database management system. It is known as Oracle database, OracleDB, or simply Oracle. It is produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation.
Oracle database is the first database designed for enterprise grid computing. Enterprise grid computing provides the most flexible and cost-effective way to manage information and applications.
Following are the four editions of the Oracle database.
Oracle Corporation is the largest software company in the field of database business. Its relational database was the first to support SQL which has since become the industry standard.
Oracle database is one of the most trusted and widely used relational database engines. The biggest rival of the Oracle database is Microsoft's SQL Server.
Oracle was originally developed by Lawrence Ellison (Larry Ellison) and his two friends and former co-worker in 1977. Oracle DB runs on most major platforms like Windows, UNIX, Linux, and Mac OS.
Agile is a software development methodology to build a software incrementally using short iterations of 1 to 4 weeks so that the development process is aligned with the changing business needs. Instead of a single-pass development of 6 to 18 months where all the requirements and risks are predicted upfront, Agile adopts a process of frequent feedback where a workable product is delivered after 1 to 4 week iteration.
IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, analysis, and integration within a system. They improve the reach of these areas and their accuracy. IoT utilizes existing and emerging technology for sensing, networking, and robotics.
IoT exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices, and modern attitudes towards technology. Its new and advanced elements bring major changes in the delivery of products, goods, and services; and the social, economic, and political impact of those changes.
The most important features of IoT include artificial intelligence, connectivity, sensors, active engagement, and small device use. A brief review of these features is given below −
AI − IoT essentially makes virtually anything “smart”, meaning it enhances every aspect of life with the power of data collection, artificial intelligence algorithms, and networks. This can mean something as simple as enhancing your refrigerator and cabinets to detect when milk and your favorite cereal run low, and to then place an order with your preferred grocer.
Connectivity − New enabling technologies for networking, and specifically IoT networking, mean networks are no longer exclusively tied to major providers. Networks can exist on a much smaller and cheaper scale while still being practical. IoT creates these small networks between its system devices.
Sensors − IoT loses its distinction without sensors. They act as defining instruments which transform IoT from a standard passive network of devices into an active system capable of real-world integration.
Active Engagement − Much of today's interaction with connected technology happens through passive engagement. IoT introduces a new paradigm for active content, product, or service engagement.
Small Devices − Devices, as predicted, have become smaller, cheaper, and more powerful over time. IoT exploits purpose-built small devices to deliver its precision, scalability, and versatility.
The advantages of IoT span across every area of lifestyle and business. Here is a list of some of the advantages that IoT has to offer −
Improved Customer Engagement − Current analytics suffer from blind-spots and significant flaws in accuracy; and as noted, engagement remains passive. IoT completely transforms this to achieve richer and more effective engagement with audiences.
Technology Optimization − The same technologies and data which improve the customer experience also improve device use, and aid in more potent improvements to technology. IoT unlocks a world of critical functional and field data.
Reduced Waste − IoT makes areas of improvement clear. Current analytics give us superficial insight, but IoT provides real-world information leading to more effective management of resources.
Enhanced Data Collection − Modern data collection suffers from its limitations and its design for passive use. IoT breaks it out of those spaces, and places it exactly where humans really want to go to analyze our world. It allows an accurate picture of everything.
Though IoT delivers an impressive set of benefits, it also presents a significant set of challenges. Here is a list of some its major issues −
Security − IoT creates an ecosystem of constantly connected devices communicating over networks. The system offers little control despite any security measures. This leaves users exposed to various kinds of attackers.
Privacy − The sophistication of IoT provides substantial personal data in extreme detail without the user's active participation.
Complexity − Some find IoT systems complicated in terms of design, deployment, and maintenance given their use of multiple technologies and a large set of new enabling technologies.
Flexibility − Many are concerned about the flexibility of an IoT system to integrate easily with another. They worry about finding themselves with several conflicting or locked systems.
Compliance − IoT, like any other technology in the realm of business, must comply with regulations. Its complexity makes the issue of compliance seem incredibly challenging when many consider standard software compliance a battle.
In general, developing a mobile application is a complex and challenging task. There are many frameworks available to develop a mobile application. Android provides a native framework based on Java language and iOS provides a native framework based on Objective-C / Swift language.
However, to develop an application supporting both the OSs, we need to code in two different languages using two different frameworks. To help overcome this complexity, there exist mobile frameworks supporting both OS. These frameworks range from a simple HTML-based hybrid mobile application framework (which uses HTML for User Interface and JavaScript for application logic) to the complex language-specific framework (which do the heavy lifting of converting code to native code). Irrespective of their simplicity or complexity, these frameworks always have many disadvantages, one of the main drawbacks being their slow performance.
In this scenario, Flutter – a simple and high-performance framework based on Dart language, provides high performance by rendering the UI directly in the operating system’s canvas rather than through the native framework.
Flutter also offers many ready-to-use widgets (UI) to create a modern application. These widgets are optimized for the mobile environments and designing the application using widgets is as simple as designing HTML.
To be specific, the Flutter application is itself a widget. Flutter widgets also support animations and gestures. The application logic is based on reactive programming. The widget may optionally have a state. By changing the state of the widget, Flutter will automatically (reactive programming) compare the widget’s state (old and new) and render the widget with only the necessary changes instead of re-rendering the whole widget.
We shall discuss the complete architecture in the coming chapters.
Flutter framework offers the following features to developers −
Modern and reactive framework.
Uses Dart programming language and it is very easy to learn.
Fast development.
Beautiful and fluid user interfaces.
Huge widget catalog.
Runs the same UI for multiple platforms.
High-performance application.
Flutter comes with beautiful and customizable widgets for high-performance and outstanding mobile applications. It fulfills all the customer needs and requirements. Besides these, Flutter offers many more advantages as mentioned below −
Dart has a large repository of software packages that lets you extend the capabilities of your application.
Developers need to write just a single code base for both applications (both Android and iOS platforms). Flutter may be extended to other platforms as well in the future.
Flutter needs lesser testing. Because of its single code base, it is sufficient if we write automated tests once for both platforms.
Flutter’s simplicity makes it a good candidate for fast development. Its customization capability and extensibility make it even more powerful.
With Flutter, developers have full control over the widgets and their layout.
Flutter offers great developer tools, with amazing hot reload.
Despite its many advantages, flutter has the following drawbacks in it −
Since it is coded in Dart language, a developer needs to learn a new language (though it is easy to learn).
The modern framework tries to separate logic and UI as much as possible but, in Flutter, the user interface and logic are intermixed. We can overcome this using smart coding and using high-level module to separate user interface and logic.
Flutter is yet another framework to create a mobile application. Developers are having a hard time choosing the right development tools in a hugely populated segment.
Node.js uses asynchronous programming!
A common task for a web server can be to open a file on the server and return the content to the client.
Here is how PHP or ASP handles a file request:
Here is how Node.js handles a file request:
Node.js eliminates the waiting, and simply continues with the next request.
Node.js runs single-threaded, non-blocking, asynchronously programming, which is very memory efficient.
Java is a popular programming language, created in 1995.
It is owned by Oracle, and more than 3 billion devices run Java.
It is used for:
PostgreSQL is a powerful, open source object-relational database system. It has more than 15 years of active development phase and a proven architecture that has earned it a strong reputation for reliability, data integrity, and correctness.
This tutorial will give you a quick start with PostgreSQL and make you comfortable with PostgreSQL programming.
PostgreSQL (pronounced as post-gress-Q-L) is an open-source relational database management system (DBMS) developed by a worldwide team of volunteers. PostgreSQL is not controlled by any corporation or other private entity and the source code is available free of charge.
PostgreSQL runs on all major operating systems, including Linux, UNIX (AIX, BSD, HP-UX, SGI IRIX, Mac OS X, Solaris, Tru64), and Windows. It supports text, images, sounds, and video, and includes programming interfaces for C / C++, Java, Perl, Python, Ruby, Tcl, and Open Database Connectivity (ODBC).
PostgreSQL supports a large part of the SQL standard and offers many modern features including the following −
You can check the official documentation of PostgreSQL to understand the above-mentioned features. PostgreSQL can be extended by the user in many ways. For example by adding new −
PostgreSQL supports four standard procedural languages, which allows the users to write their own code in any of the languages and it can be executed by PostgreSQL database server. These procedural languages are - PL/pgSQL, PL/Tcl, PL/Perl, and PL/Python. Besides, other non-standard procedural languages like PL/PHP, PL/V8, PL/Ruby, PL/Java, etc., are also supported.
Angular 7 is an open-source JavaScript framework for building web applications and apps in JavaScript, HTML, and Typescript which is a superset of JavaScript. Angular provides built-in features for animation, HTTP service, and materials which in turn have features such as auto-complete, navigation, toolbar, menus, etc. The code is written in Typescript, which compiles to JavaScript and displays the same in the browser.
Angular 7 is a MUST for students and working professionals to become great Software Engineers especially when they are working in Software Development Domain. I will list down some of the key advantages of learning Angular 7:
Angular is the most stable and most popular javascript-based platform nowadays.
Angular development is a complete suite for application development and you can have the following roles after learning Angular in a company.
Web developer
Web app developer
UI developer
UX developer
Front-end developer
JavaScript developer
